Диплом: Стилистический компонент слова и его лексикографическое отражение

active people with a kind of administration,

catchpenny derog - something that is cheap & useless, but

is done to be attractive. The word is used with negative connotation &

show s not delightful attitude towards such things.

Sometimes to show some peculiarities, some overtones of the semantics of the

word some additional indexes are used:

anatomy - 2. body of a person or animal - has the label often

humor. We know that in this very meaning thi s word is used frequently with

humour.

breeches now usu. humor (in the meaning trousers). We may suppose that

this word didn' t have any emotional colour but nowaday s it has become some

stylistical connotations.

activist sometimes derog - sometimes this word may be used

derogatorily depending on the speaker 's attitude & emotional

state.

Here we refer the label taboo, as prohibition of the usage is aroused

by the high emotions that are connected with annoyance when taboo marked word

is used. Prohibition is usually accompanied with the labels sl or

derog, because they may express annoyance as well.

ball (in the meaning nonsense) taboo sl derog. These

stylistically marked words belonging to this group we may find both in

colloquial & literary vocabulary & in nonstandard vocabulary, because

emotions are human being characteristics which are reflected in emotiveness

& expressiveness of the word s used by people independently on the layer.

Stylistico-semantico-functional labels combine all possible

characteristics that a word may possess. Both semantical & functional

characteristics are represented in such stylistic notations. Through such

labels we may consider the whole passport of the word (all the additions to

its main meaning).

boon-docks AmE infml humor accept the main meaning - a rough country

area far from any town , where few people live - we see that this word belongs

to American English , is used in informal situations (common colloquial

vocabulary) & the emotions that are expressed by this word are humorous.

broad 2) AmE derog sl in the meaning woman.

We know that this word is used in American English Slang (nons tandard)

expressing negative derogatory emotions. That is why before using this word

regarding for women one should keep in mind and consider what reaction one can

call by such stylistical colours,

blue-eyed-boy infml esp. BrE,usu dero

g - someone favourite male person — so we may use this word in

informal situations keeping in m ind that the British would understand you

better than American & the fact that by using this word one can offend

somebody.

This stylistical group of labels include the words of any layer, that

is why the label s themselves should be examined thoroughly for proper usage.

There is a group of words the labels of which indicate the choice of usage.

beseem fml or old use (to be suitable or proper for) th e

word is used either in formal situations or by senior citizens,

appendage med or fml ( in the meaning an arm or leg) the word is used

either as a term or as a word acc eptable in formal situations,

bibulous humor or pomp (liking to drink too much alcohol) the word

may express humor or may show foolish self-important attitude, In some cases we

may face the fact that some stylistic notation's indexes suggesting the choice

of usage may be opposed to each other: either the functions or sphere of usage

are opposed or the emotions that can be expressed.

bible thumper AmE infml humor or derog (a person who tries to attract

people to Christianity in a loud & unpleasant way) . The choice of

the emotions depends on the emotional state of the speaker & his

attitude toward bible thumpers.

buggery Br taboo or law (for sodomy) the choice depends on the

situation whether it is a legal term or a vulgar word used to offend.

Such labels undergo the classification suggested in this part too according

to characteristics they express: humor or pomp -

stylistico-semantical group of labels, AmE infml humor or

derog - stylistico-semantico-functional group of labels.

The widely spread group turned out to be stylislico-functional group which

counts 68 label s, then comes stylistico-semantico-functional group -42

labels, then stylistico-semantico-functional group - 22 labels, pure

stylistical group - 19 labels (for better view of the labels & their

classification in LDELC (Appendix IX).

As it was mentioned above a stylistical label may have up to five indexes. To

denote some peculiarities of stylistical usage such indexes as usu.,

sometimes, often, esp., now, rather, not polite may be used. We consider

them to be stylistical labels too as they indicate temporal or functional

juxtaposition.

Taking into consideration all the information above we may point out the

following groups of labels according to their quantity of indexes represented

in them.

1 . Monolabels - one index. AmE sl taboo derog

BrE law rare apprec

2. Dilabels - two indexes. esp.AmE AnE infml BrEdial

infml humor fml or lit rather fml

3. Tnreeindexed labels. Sp AmE infml sl often derog old-fash

euph infml fml usu derog

4. Fourindexed labels Austr esp lit or old

use esp.BrE infml,not polite BrE infml sometimes derog

5.Fiveindexed labels BrE infml,esp. humor orderog sl,

esp.AmE,oflen derog. infml.esp.BrEusa.derog

Thus the stylistic component is reflected in the dictionary by means of

stylistic notations which may be of various characteristics, manyindexed

indicating stylistic overtones of the word & possible emotions that can be

expressed by this or that word, that helps to identify the layer of the word

-stock to which the word belongs & to use the word according to the

situation.

Conclusions

1. Stylistic component of the word is a stylistical structure of the word which

represents different stylistic characteristics & overtones of the word

carrying extra information of the word, its functioning & usage.

2. Stylistic component of the word is reflected in dictionaries by means of

stylistic notarions (labels). But for the present there is no one and the same

system of stylistic notations that would satisfy & would be used in all the

dictionaries of different types. Such a system is necessary for dictionaries

not to mislead the users of the language & especially those for whom the

language is foreign.

3. Stylistic component is rather complex & complicated,wide & peculiar

what influences it's lexicographical reflection in dictionaries. That is why

the labels suggested in dictionaries form different combinations to identify

all possible & existing characteristic of the word. Thus we may point out

n pure stylistic labels

n stylistico-functional labels

n stylistico-semantical labels

n stylistico-semantico-functional labels

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